deploy: fix nginx security headers dropped by add_header inheritance

Found while verifying the first real provision: none of the four
security headers reached the browser on any HTML page.

nginx's add_header inheritance is all-or-nothing — a location that sets
any add_header of its own discards every header inherited from the
server block. "/" resolves through try_files to `location = /index.html`,
which sets Cache-Control, so HSTS, X-Content-Type-Options,
X-Frame-Options and Referrer-Policy were silently dropped exactly where
they matter. /assets/ lost them the same way.

Move the four into snippets/security-headers.conf and include it in the
server block and in both locations that add a header of their own.

Also from the same provision run:
- ssl_stapling is dead config now that Let's Encrypt certificates carry
  no OCSP responder URL; it only logs a warning per cert on each reload;
- README step 3 chmod'ed /etc/exo to 750 but never set its group, so the
  exo user could not traverse it and exo-deploy died on "cannot read
  /etc/exo/<app>.env";
- README step 7 dropped http-extras.conf into conf.d without disabling
  the same directives in Debian's stock nginx.conf, and nginx refuses to
  start on a duplicate gzip / server_tokens.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

deploy/README.md

@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ mkdir -p /srv/exo/{fitnes,hotel,medcenterphysio,medcenterstart}/releases
 mkdir -p /etc/exo /var/www/certbot
 chown -R exo:exo /srv/exo
 chmod 755 /srv/exo          # www-data must traverse to reach dist/client
+chown root:exo /etc/exo     # without the group, exo cannot traverse it at 750
 chmod 750 /etc/exo
 
 for app in fitnes hotel medcenterphysio medcenterstart; do
@@ -149,6 +150,13 @@ MaxRetentionSec=14day
 install -m 644 nginx/snippets/*.conf /etc/nginx/snippets/
 install -m 644 nginx/http-extras.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/00-exo-http.conf
 
+# Debian's stock nginx.conf sets some of the same http{} directives (gzip,
+# server_tokens), and nginx refuses to start on a duplicate. Comment out every
+# stock directive that 00-exo-http.conf now owns.
+for d in $(grep -oE '^[a-z_]+' /etc/nginx/conf.d/00-exo-http.conf | sort -u); do
+  sed -i -E "s@^([[:space:]]*)($d[[:space:]]+[^;]*;)@\\1# \\2@" /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
+done
+
 bin/exo-render-nginx /etc/nginx/sites-available     # after filling in apps.conf
 ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/exo-*.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
 rm -f /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

deploy/nginx/site.conf.template

@@ -46,20 +46,24 @@ server {
     root /srv/exo/{{APP}}/current/dist/client;
     index index.html;
 
-    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000" always;
-    add_header X-Content-Type-Options    nosniff              always;
-    add_header X-Frame-Options           SAMEORIGIN           always;
-    add_header Referrer-Policy           strict-origin-when-cross-origin always;
+    include /etc/nginx/snippets/security-headers.conf;
 
     # Vite fingerprints everything under /assets — cache for a year.
     location ^~ /assets/ {
         access_log off;
+        # Re-included: this location's own add_header would drop the inherited ones.
+        include /etc/nginx/snippets/security-headers.conf;
         add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=31536000, immutable" always;
         try_files $uri =404;
     }
 
     # The one file that must never be cached, or a deploy goes unseen.
-    location = /index.html { add_header Cache-Control "no-cache" always; }
+    # `/` lands here via try_files, so this is where the security headers
+    # actually have to be re-stated (see snippets/security-headers.conf).
+    location = /index.html {
+        include /etc/nginx/snippets/security-headers.conf;
+        add_header Cache-Control "no-cache" always;
+    }
 
     location = /robots.txt  { access_log off; }
     location = /sitemap.xml { access_log off; }

deploy/nginx/snippets/security-headers.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# /etc/nginx/snippets/security-headers.conf
+#
+# nginx's add_header inheritance is all-or-nothing: a location that sets any
+# add_header of its own silently discards every header inherited from the
+# server block. `/` resolves through try_files to `location = /index.html`,
+# which sets Cache-Control — so without re-including this snippet there, HTML
+# pages ship with no security headers at all.
+add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000" always;
+add_header X-Content-Type-Options    nosniff              always;
+add_header X-Frame-Options           SAMEORIGIN           always;
+add_header Referrer-Policy           strict-origin-when-cross-origin always;

deploy/nginx/snippets/ssl-params.conf

@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
 ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
 ssl_session_timeout 1d;
 ssl_session_tickets off;
-ssl_stapling on;
-ssl_stapling_verify on;
+# Let's Encrypt stopped putting an OCSP responder URL in its certificates, so
+# stapling is a no-op that only produces a warning per cert on every reload.
+# ssl_stapling on;
+# ssl_stapling_verify on;
 # Yandex DNS — reachable from Russian datacentres, unlike 8.8.8.8 at times.
 resolver 77.88.8.8 77.88.8.1 valid=300s;
 resolver_timeout 5s;